period 4 (1914- present) encompasses both units 8 and 9
20-30% of the exam
WWI Russian Revolution WWII Interwar years Cold War Eventual Creation of the EU scheduleSkeleton Outline
Tuesday March 4th Wednesday March 5th Friday March 7th Tuesday March 11th Wednesday March 12th Friday March 14th Tuesday March 18th Wednesday March 19th Friday March 21st Tuesday March 25th Wednesday March 26th Friday March 28th Spring Break 31st-4th WWII over spring break? Tuesday April April 8th Wednesday April 9th Friday April 11th Tuesday April 15th Wednesday April 16th Friday April 18th Tuesday April 22nd Wednesday April 23rd Friday April 25th Tuesday April 29th Wednesday April 30th Friday May 2nd Monday May 5th 12 pm AP EURO EXAM expanded scheduleTuesday March 4th
Pass back DBQ Intro #2 re-writes Finish Video Projects Explain Period 4 overview Imperialism Group Project Time Wednesday March 5th Age of Mass Politics/Imperialism Notes HW Groups Day Friday March 7th https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsuNOzM1x8w Tuesday March 11th New Seating Chart DBQ WWI/trench warfare discussion Begin Totalitarianism Lecture Handout Totalitarianism Chart- Russia/Italy/Germany Wednesday March 12th Mini-Exam- 32Q Friday March 14th Begin Ch. 25 Reading Guide MANIA/WWI mini lecture Continue Totalitarianism Lecture Russia/Italy/Germany Tuesday March 18th Peer-Grading DBQ Activity Continue Chapter 25 Reading Guide Wednesday March 19th Go over Chapter 25 Reading Guide Friday March 21st Begin Years of Crisis Lecture & Chapter 26 Reading Guide Pass back OVB DBQs & go over results Tuesday March 25th Continue Chapter 26 Reading Guide Page Numbers/small groups HIPPOS Docs small groups Wednesday March 26th Begin WWII Lecture Continue Chapter 26 Reading Guide Friday March 28th Go over Chapter 26 Reading Guide due for Stamp. Spring Break 31st-4th WWII over spring break? Tuesday April April 8th Empires Group Project Due Over Simplified Cold War Pt. 1 Wednesday April 9th Ch. 28 Reading Guide Friday April 11th Continue Ch. 28 Reading Guide Pass back DBQ Rewrites & Rubric discussion Tuesday April 15th Begin Cold War Lectures Wednesday April 16th Continue working on Ch. 28 Reading Guide Lecture from Korean War to Vietnam War Friday April 18th Vietnam War Lecture Tuesday April 22nd Finish Vietnam War Lecture Pass out AP Euro Period G.O. Wednesday April 23rd Work on Micro Periods Review Organizer Friday April 25th Jeopardy Review Game Free-time to review Tuesday April 29th Period 4 HWP due Unit 8 & 9 AP 55 m.c. group exam DBQ Wednesday April 30th Bluebook SAQ Bring your chromebook! Friday May 2nd Review Day Monday May 5th 12 pm AP EURO EXAM Hippos docs practice |
Textbook readingsPeriod 4: 1914–Present (World War I to Modern Europe)
Homework
lecturesFall of the Berlin Wall 1989
Soviet Union Collapses 1991 January 1999 Creation of Euro currency Forming the EU 1993 Brexit 2020 Russian Invasion of Ukraine empires group project1. British Empire
Guidelines-
1. You and your group need to become experts on your European Empire, and showcase your knowledge by making a 5-10 minute presentation covering the empire's role in imperialism, economic impact, key events, and resistance movements. 2. Intro/Context- Empire's name, time period, brief historical context, main motives for expansion. 3. Regions controlled & methods of rule (territories, major colonies/protectorates & significance, direct v indirect rule 4. Economic & Social Impact- How the empire benefited economically, (trade, resources, industry), resources extracted, industries developed, labor systems (forced, plantations, taxation) Impact on colonial peoples, Mention urbanization, economic policies, infrastructure projects 5. Resistance & Consequences- Highlight at least one major resistance movement/uprising. Explain methods of resistance (military, political, cultural), and the colonial response. Discuss long-term effects of imperialism. 6. Evaluation & Legacy- What was the empire's long-term impact on the world? How did decolonization unfold for this empire's colonies? How is this empire's imperial legacy viewed today? Checklist: Clear/organized slides (NO WALLS of text) Visuals (maps, charts, political cartoons, propaganda posters, photos) Use of historical evidence (facts & analysis)
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end of the cold war 1975-onward
1. Helsinki Accords and Détente (1975)
2. Rising Tensions and Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
3. Reagan and Renewed Confrontation (1981–1985)
4. Reform and Revolution (1985–1989)
5. Collapse of Communist Regimes (1989)
6. German Reunification and New Europe (1990)
7. End of the Cold War: Soviet Collapse (1991)
- President Gerald Ford signed the Helsinki Accords along with 34 other nations, including the USSR and nearly all European states.
- Impact on Europe: Though it legitimized Soviet post-WWII borders, it also committed signers to respect human rights, which dissidents in Eastern Europe used to hold their regimes accountable.
- Détente phase: A thaw in Cold War tensions, marked by arms talks and increased East-West dialogue.
2. Rising Tensions and Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
- President Jimmy Carter's era initially continued détente but took a harsher tone after:
- USSR invaded Afghanistan in December 1979 to support a communist government against Islamic rebels.
- Western reaction (including Europe): Condemnation of Soviet aggression; seen as an expansionist move threatening global stability.
- USSR invaded Afghanistan in December 1979 to support a communist government against Islamic rebels.
- Carter's response:
- Boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics (joined by over 60 nations including West Germany).
- Imposed grain embargo and ended SALT II ratification efforts.
- Boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics (joined by over 60 nations including West Germany).
- European view: Alarm over Soviet militarism; deepened NATO solidarity.
3. Reagan and Renewed Confrontation (1981–1985)
- President Ronald Reagan abandoned détente and labeled the USSR the "evil empire."
- In Europe:
- Supported NATO's deployment of Pershing II and cruise missiles in Western Europe (in response to Soviet SS-20s), sparking massive anti-nuclear protests in cities like Bonn and London.
- Funded Radio Free Europe and backed dissidents like Solidarity in Poland.
- Supported NATO's deployment of Pershing II and cruise missiles in Western Europe (in response to Soviet SS-20s), sparking massive anti-nuclear protests in cities like Bonn and London.
- Strategic Defense Initiative (1983): Reagan's proposed "Star Wars" missile shield pressured the USSR economically and technologically.
- European perception: Mixed — while Eastern Europeans welcomed support for anti-communist movements, many Western Europeans feared escalation into nuclear war.
4. Reform and Revolution (1985–1989)
- Mikhail Gorbachev rose to power (1985), initiating:
- Glasnost (openness): More freedom of speech and press.
- Perestroika (restructuring): Limited economic reforms.
- Abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine, signaling the USSR would no longer intervene militarily in Eastern Europe.
- Glasnost (openness): More freedom of speech and press.
- Reagan-Gorbachev diplomacy:
- INF Treaty (1987): Eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe — a huge win for disarmament and Europe’s security.
- INF Treaty (1987): Eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe — a huge win for disarmament and Europe’s security.
- European result:
- Uprisings against communist regimes gained momentum without fear of Soviet tanks (unlike in 1956 or 1968).
- Growing hope for peaceful change across the Iron Curtain.
- Uprisings against communist regimes gained momentum without fear of Soviet tanks (unlike in 1956 or 1968).
5. Collapse of Communist Regimes (1989)
- Peaceful revolutions swept Eastern Europe:
- Poland held free elections (Solidarity won).
- Hungary opened its border with Austria.
- East Germans fled through Hungary and Czechoslovakia; mass protests followed.
- Berlin Wall fell on November 9, 1989 — iconic end to Cold War division in Europe.
- Poland held free elections (Solidarity won).
- Reagan’s famous words (1987): “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” became symbolic of American-European cooperation.
6. German Reunification and New Europe (1990)
- Germany reunited on October 3, 1990, after 45 years of division.
- European reactions: Cautious optimism. France and the UK were initially wary but supported reunification as part of a broader European Union vision.
- Bush (41), now U.S. President, helped diplomatically support reunification within NATO.
7. End of the Cold War: Soviet Collapse (1991)
- Failed August 1991 coup by communist hardliners in Moscow accelerated the USSR’s disintegration.
- December 1991: The Soviet Union dissolved.
- European legacy:
- Eastern Europe turned rapidly toward democracy and capitalism.
- Future enlargement of NATO and the European Union.
- Cold War order replaced with a new Europe, no longer divided by the Iron Curtain.
- Eastern Europe turned rapidly toward democracy and capitalism.
🔟 Most Important Events in Modern Europe Since 1992
1. Maastricht Treaty and Creation of the European Union (1992–1993)
2. Introduction of the Euro (1999–2002)
3. NATO and EU Expansion (1999–2007)
4. Balkan Wars and Breakup of Yugoslavia (1990s–2008)
5. Brexit (2016–2020)
6. European Debt Crisis (2009–2015)
7. Russian Invasion of Ukraine (2014 Crimea & 2022 Full-Scale War)
8. Rise of Populism and Nationalism (2010s–Present)
9. Migration and Refugee Crisis (2015–2016)
10. COVID-19 Pandemic and Recovery (2020–Present)
1. Maastricht Treaty and Creation of the European Union (1992–1993)
- What happened: The Maastricht Treaty formally created the European Union, deepening European integration beyond economics to include foreign policy, security, and citizenship.
- Why it matters: Transformed Europe into a more unified political entity; laid groundwork for a common currency and greater cooperation.
2. Introduction of the Euro (1999–2002)
- What happened: The euro was launched as an electronic currency in 1999 and entered circulation in 2002.
- Why it matters: It became the second most-traded currency in the world; helped bind the Eurozone economically, though it also exposed deep financial inequalities during later crises.
3. NATO and EU Expansion (1999–2007)
- What happened: Former Eastern Bloc countries such as Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and the Baltic states joined NATO and later the EU.
- Why it matters: Represented the symbolic and strategic end of the Cold War in Europe; shifted the geopolitical balance eastward.
4. Balkan Wars and Breakup of Yugoslavia (1990s–2008)
- What happened: Brutal civil wars in Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
- Why it matters: Europe's worst ethnic conflict since WWII; raised questions about European security, genocide prevention, and NATO intervention (e.g., in Kosovo, 1999).
5. Brexit (2016–2020)
- What happened: The United Kingdom voted in 2016 to leave the EU, officially departing in 2020.
- Why it matters: Marked the first time a member left the EU; raised concerns about European unity and fueled nationalist movements across the continent.
6. European Debt Crisis (2009–2015)
- What happened: Several countries, especially Greece, faced severe debt crises that threatened the stability of the eurozone.
- Why it matters: Tested EU solidarity; resulted in harsh austerity measures, political unrest, and debates over fiscal union vs. national sovereignty.
7. Russian Invasion of Ukraine (2014 Crimea & 2022 Full-Scale War)
- What happened:
- 2014: Russia annexed Crimea.
- 2022: Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
- 2014: Russia annexed Crimea.
- Why it matters: Reignited Cold War tensions; led to major military, economic, and energy shifts in Europe; galvanized EU unity and NATO expansion.
8. Rise of Populism and Nationalism (2010s–Present)
- What happened: Populist parties gained ground in Hungary, Poland, Italy, France, and elsewhere, often opposing EU policies on immigration and globalization.
- Why it matters: Challenged liberal democratic norms; questioned the future of EU integration and rule of law within member states.
9. Migration and Refugee Crisis (2015–2016)
- What happened: Millions of refugees, primarily from Syria, Afghanistan, and Africa, sought asylum in Europe.
- Why it matters: Exposed divisions within the EU; reshaped national politics, boosted right-wing parties, and triggered debates over borders and identity.
10. COVID-19 Pandemic and Recovery (2020–Present)
- What happened: The pandemic deeply affected public health, economies, and supply chains.
- Why it matters: Led to unprecedented EU-level economic stimulus (NextGenerationEU), expanded digital infrastructure, and highlighted healthcare and social inequalities.