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period 4 (1914- present) encompasses both units 8 and 9

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20-30% of the exam
WWI
Russian Revolution
WWII
Interwar years
Cold War
Eventual Creation of the EU

schedule

Skeleton Outline
Tuesday March 4th

Wednesday March 5th
Friday March 7th

Tuesday March 11th
Wednesday March 12th
Friday March 14th

Tuesday March 18th
Wednesday March 19th
​Friday March 21st

Tuesday March 25th
Wednesday March 26th
Friday March 28th

Spring Break 31st-4th
WWII over spring break?
​

Tuesday April April 8th
Wednesday April 9th
Friday April 11th

Tuesday April 15th
Wednesday April 16th
Friday April 18th

Tuesday April 22nd
Wednesday April 23rd
Friday April 25th

Tuesday April 29th
Wednesday April 30th
Friday May 2nd

Monday May 5th 12 pm
AP EURO EXAM

expanded schedule

Tuesday March 4th
Pass back DBQ Intro #2 re-writes
Finish Video Projects
Explain Period 4 overview
Imperialism Group Project Time

Wednesday March 5th
Age of Mass Politics/Imperialism Notes HW Groups Day

Friday March 7th
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsuNOzM1x8w​

Tuesday March 11th
New Seating Chart
DBQ
WWI/trench warfare discussion
​Begin Totalitarianism Lecture
​Handout Totalitarianism Chart-
Russia/Italy/Germany

Wednesday March 12th
Mini-Exam- 32Q

Friday March 14th
Begin Ch. 25 Reading Guide
MANIA/WWI  mini lecture
​Continue Totalitarianism Lecture
Russia/Italy/Germany
​
Tuesday March 18th
Peer-Grading DBQ Activity
Continue Chapter 25 Reading Guide

Wednesday March 19th
Go over Chapter 25 Reading Guide

​Friday March 21st
Begin Years of Crisis Lecture & Chapter 26 Reading Guide
​Pass back OVB DBQs & go over results

Tuesday March 25th
Continue Chapter 26 Reading Guide
Page Numbers/small groups
HIPPOS Docs small groups​

Wednesday March 26th
Begin WWII Lecture
​Continue Chapter 26 Reading Guide

Friday March 28th
Go over Chapter 26 Reading Guide​ due for Stamp.

Spring Break 31st-4th
WWII over spring break?

​
Tuesday April April 8th
Empires Group Project Due
Over Simplified Cold War Pt. 1

Wednesday April 9th
Ch. 28 Reading Guide

Friday April 11th
Continue Ch. 28 Reading Guide
Pass back DBQ Rewrites & Rubric discussion
​
Tuesday April 15th
Begin Cold War Lectures

Wednesday April 16th
Continue working on Ch. 28 Reading Guide
Lecture from Korean War to Vietnam War

Friday April 18th
Vietnam War Lecture

Tuesday April 22nd
Finish Vietnam War Lecture
Pass out AP Euro Period G.O.

Wednesday April 23rd
Work on Micro Periods Review Organizer

Friday April 25th
Jeopardy Review Game
Free-time to review

Tuesday April 29th
Period 4 HWP due
Unit 8 & 9 AP 55 m.c. group exam
DBQ

Wednesday April 30th
Bluebook SAQ
Bring your chromebook!
​
Friday May 2nd
Review Day

Monday May 5th 12 pm
AP EURO EXAM

Hippos docs practice

World War I DBQ
20th Century Economic Turmoil

Textbook readings

Period 4: 1914–Present (World War I to Modern Europe)
  • Chapters 25–30 (approximately)
    • Chapter 25: World War I (Causes, course, and consequences)
    • Chapter 26: The Interwar Period (Treaty of Versailles, rise of fascism, the Great Depression)
    • Chapter 27: World War II (Causes, Holocaust, major battles, and aftermath)
    • Chapter 28: The Cold War and Postwar Europe (Soviet Union vs. USA, rebuilding of Europe)
    • Chapter 29: The Fall of the Soviet Union and the Rise of Modern Europe (1989 revolutions, the collapse of communism)
    • Chapter 30: Europe in the 21st Century (European Union, global challenges)
Ch. 25
Ch. 26
Ch. 27
Ch. 28
Ch. 29
Ch. 30

Homework

Age of Mass Politics/Imperialism Notes
Three Columns- Germany, Russia, Italy
Ch. 25 Reading Guide WWI/Russian Rev
                          <--- Digital
Ch. 26 Reading Guide 1919-1939
Ch. 28 Reading Guide Cold War-1965
Vietnam Lecture Notes
Micro Periods Organizer

lectures

New Imperialism
Age of Mass Politics
Totalitarianism Post WWI
Years of Crisis
WW II
Cold War

Post Cold War
Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989
Soviet Union Collapses 1991
January 1999 Creation of Euro currency
Forming the EU 1993
Brexit 2020
Russian Invasion of Ukraine

empires group project

1. British Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Zanzibar, South Africa, India, Burma, Malay Peninsula
  • Key Events: Scramble for Africa, Boer War (1899–1902), British control of Egypt and the Suez Canal, Sepoy Mutiny (1857–58)
  • Extent of Imperialism: Largest empire, focused on economic and strategic control, industrial infrastructure
2. French Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, West Africa, Madagascar, Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
  • Key Events: Scramble for Africa, French control of North and West Africa, expansion into Indochina
  • Extent of Imperialism: Large presence in Africa and Southeast Asia, focus on direct rule and cultural assimilation
3. German Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Cameroon, Togo, German Southwest Africa (Namibia), German East Africa (Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi), Pacific islands
  • Key Events: Berlin Conference (1884–85), violent suppression of local uprisings (Herero and Nama genocide)
  • Extent of Imperialism: Latecomer to imperialism, aggressive expansion but limited holdings
4. Belgian Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Congo Free State (later Belgian Congo)
  • Key Events: Exploitation under King Leopold II, forced labor for rubber and ivory, Belgian Parliament takeover (1908)
  • Extent of Imperialism: Single colony, infamous for extreme brutality and exploitation
5. Italian Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Eritrea, Libya, Somalia
  • Key Events: Invasion of Ethiopia (failed at Battle of Adowa, 1896), conquest of Libya (1912)
  • Extent of Imperialism: Weakest European power in imperialism, few colonies
6. Portuguese Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau
  • Key Events: Continued influence in Africa despite decline, focus on resource extraction
  • Extent of Imperialism: Long-established empire, but declining power
7. Dutch Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
  • Key Events: Continued Dutch exploitation of Indonesia, Cultivation System
  • Extent of Imperialism: Focused on Southeast Asia, limited role in Africa
  • ​8. Spanish Empire
  • Regions Controlled: Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Spanish Sahara, Spanish Guinea (modern Equatorial Guinea), Canary Islands
  • Key Events: Spanish-American War (1898), Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898), loss of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the U.S., continued control over parts of North Africa (Spanish Sahara and Spanish Guinea)
  • Extent of Imperialism: By the late 19th century, Spain’s empire had significantly declined, but it still held overseas territories. Spain lost its last major colonies after the Spanish-American War, marking the end of its dominance as a global imperial power. However, it maintained small holdings in Africa.
Empire Research Groups
Guidelines- 
1. You and your group need to become experts on your European Empire, and showcase your knowledge by making a 5-10 minute presentation covering the empire's role in imperialism, economic impact, key events, and resistance movements.

2. Intro/Context- Empire's name, time period, brief historical context, main motives for expansion.

3. Regions controlled & methods of rule (territories, major colonies/protectorates & significance, direct v indirect rule

4. Economic & Social Impact- How the empire benefited economically, (trade, resources, industry), resources extracted, industries developed, labor systems (forced, plantations, taxation) Impact on colonial peoples, Mention urbanization, economic policies, infrastructure projects

5. Resistance & Consequences- Highlight at least one major resistance movement/uprising. Explain methods of resistance (military, political, cultural), and the colonial response. Discuss long-term effects of imperialism.

6. Evaluation & Legacy- What was the empire's long-term impact on the world? How did decolonization unfold for this empire's colonies? How is this empire's imperial legacy viewed today?
​
Checklist:
Clear/organized slides (NO WALLS of text)
Visuals (maps, charts, political cartoons, propaganda posters, photos)
Use of historical evidence (facts & analysis)
Submit Project here
1. British- Sebastian, Roey, Sai, Landen
2. France- Dayton, Bella, Malgra, Austin
3. German- Zach, Ayush, Soni, Ethan
4. Belgium-Katelynn, Logan, Samantha, Alyssa
5. Italian- Matthew, Israr, JJ, Luca
6. Portuguese- Koen, Andrew, Abdu, Eduardo
7. Dutch- Jason, Khloe, Jazzy, Sam
8. Spain- Ari, Tamia, Kylie Lily
1. British- Maan, Ghandi, Tim, Caleb
2. France- Angel, Wilson, Tammy, Julia
3. Germany- Hansen, Brush, Chuma, Bryan
4. Belgium- Dean, Mick, Miles, Hizon
5. Italian-Kak, Sanna, Miley, Bella
6. Portuguese- Alexis, Emma, Nick, Riley
7. Dutch- Jack, Videsh, Omar
8. Spain- Aaron, CJ, Phillip

end of the cold war 1975-onward

1. Helsinki Accords and Détente (1975)
  • President Gerald Ford signed the Helsinki Accords along with 34 other nations, including the USSR and nearly all European states.
  • Impact on Europe: Though it legitimized Soviet post-WWII borders, it also committed signers to respect human rights, which dissidents in Eastern Europe used to hold their regimes accountable.
  • Détente phase: A thaw in Cold War tensions, marked by arms talks and increased East-West dialogue.

2. Rising Tensions and Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
  • President Jimmy Carter's era initially continued détente but took a harsher tone after:
    • USSR invaded Afghanistan in December 1979 to support a communist government against Islamic rebels.
    • Western reaction (including Europe): Condemnation of Soviet aggression; seen as an expansionist move threatening global stability.
  • Carter's response:
    • Boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics (joined by over 60 nations including West Germany).
    • Imposed grain embargo and ended SALT II ratification efforts.
  • European view: Alarm over Soviet militarism; deepened NATO solidarity.

3. Reagan and Renewed Confrontation (1981–1985)
  • President Ronald Reagan abandoned détente and labeled the USSR the "evil empire."
  • In Europe:
    • Supported NATO's deployment of Pershing II and cruise missiles in Western Europe (in response to Soviet SS-20s), sparking massive anti-nuclear protests in cities like Bonn and London.
    • Funded Radio Free Europe and backed dissidents like Solidarity in Poland.
  • Strategic Defense Initiative (1983): Reagan's proposed "Star Wars" missile shield pressured the USSR economically and technologically.
  • European perception: Mixed — while Eastern Europeans welcomed support for anti-communist movements, many Western Europeans feared escalation into nuclear war.

4. Reform and Revolution (1985–1989)
  • Mikhail Gorbachev rose to power (1985), initiating:
    • Glasnost (openness): More freedom of speech and press.
    • Perestroika (restructuring): Limited economic reforms.
    • Abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine, signaling the USSR would no longer intervene militarily in Eastern Europe.
  • Reagan-Gorbachev diplomacy:
    • INF Treaty (1987): Eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe — a huge win for disarmament and Europe’s security.
  • European result:
    • Uprisings against communist regimes gained momentum without fear of Soviet tanks (unlike in 1956 or 1968).
    • Growing hope for peaceful change across the Iron Curtain.

5. Collapse of Communist Regimes (1989)
  • Peaceful revolutions swept Eastern Europe:
    • Poland held free elections (Solidarity won).
    • Hungary opened its border with Austria.
    • East Germans fled through Hungary and Czechoslovakia; mass protests followed.
    • Berlin Wall fell on November 9, 1989 — iconic end to Cold War division in Europe.
  • Reagan’s famous words (1987): “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” became symbolic of American-European cooperation.

6. German Reunification and New Europe (1990)
  • Germany reunited on October 3, 1990, after 45 years of division.
  • European reactions: Cautious optimism. France and the UK were initially wary but supported reunification as part of a broader European Union vision.
  • Bush (41), now U.S. President, helped diplomatically support reunification within NATO.

7. End of the Cold War: Soviet Collapse (1991)
  • Failed August 1991 coup by communist hardliners in Moscow accelerated the USSR’s disintegration.
  • December 1991: The Soviet Union dissolved.
  • European legacy:
    • Eastern Europe turned rapidly toward democracy and capitalism.
    • Future enlargement of NATO and the European Union.
    • Cold War order replaced with a new Europe, no longer divided by the Iron Curtain.
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🔟 Most Important Events in Modern Europe Since 1992
1. Maastricht Treaty and Creation of the European Union (1992–1993)
  • What happened: The Maastricht Treaty formally created the European Union, deepening European integration beyond economics to include foreign policy, security, and citizenship.
  • Why it matters: Transformed Europe into a more unified political entity; laid groundwork for a common currency and greater cooperation.

2. Introduction of the Euro (1999–2002)
  • What happened: The euro was launched as an electronic currency in 1999 and entered circulation in 2002.
  • Why it matters: It became the second most-traded currency in the world; helped bind the Eurozone economically, though it also exposed deep financial inequalities during later crises.

3. NATO and EU Expansion (1999–2007)
  • What happened: Former Eastern Bloc countries such as Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and the Baltic states joined NATO and later the EU.
  • Why it matters: Represented the symbolic and strategic end of the Cold War in Europe; shifted the geopolitical balance eastward.

4. Balkan Wars and Breakup of Yugoslavia (1990s–2008)
  • What happened: Brutal civil wars in Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
  • Why it matters: Europe's worst ethnic conflict since WWII; raised questions about European security, genocide prevention, and NATO intervention (e.g., in Kosovo, 1999).

5. Brexit (2016–2020)
  • What happened: The United Kingdom voted in 2016 to leave the EU, officially departing in 2020.
  • Why it matters: Marked the first time a member left the EU; raised concerns about European unity and fueled nationalist movements across the continent.

6. European Debt Crisis (2009–2015)
  • What happened: Several countries, especially Greece, faced severe debt crises that threatened the stability of the eurozone.
  • Why it matters: Tested EU solidarity; resulted in harsh austerity measures, political unrest, and debates over fiscal union vs. national sovereignty.

7. Russian Invasion of Ukraine (2014 Crimea & 2022 Full-Scale War)
  • What happened:
    • 2014: Russia annexed Crimea.
    • 2022: Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
  • Why it matters: Reignited Cold War tensions; led to major military, economic, and energy shifts in Europe; galvanized EU unity and NATO expansion.

8. Rise of Populism and Nationalism (2010s–Present)
  • What happened: Populist parties gained ground in Hungary, Poland, Italy, France, and elsewhere, often opposing EU policies on immigration and globalization.
  • Why it matters: Challenged liberal democratic norms; questioned the future of EU integration and rule of law within member states.

9. Migration and Refugee Crisis (2015–2016)
  • What happened: Millions of refugees, primarily from Syria, Afghanistan, and Africa, sought asylum in Europe.
  • Why it matters: Exposed divisions within the EU; reshaped national politics, boosted right-wing parties, and triggered debates over borders and identity.

10. COVID-19 Pandemic and Recovery (2020–Present)
  • What happened: The pandemic deeply affected public health, economies, and supply chains.
  • Why it matters: Led to unprecedented EU-level economic stimulus (NextGenerationEU), expanded digital infrastructure, and highlighted healthcare and social inequalities.
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ap euro Review videos

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